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Notícias | Comunitária 87.9 FM
Início Notícias Teste do pezinho: diagnósticos precoces salvam vida de recém-nascidos Voltar

Teste do pezinho: diagnósticos precoces salvam vida de recém-nascidos

Teste do pezinho: diagnósticos precoces salvam vida de recém-nascidos

O teste do pezinho é considerado a forma mais eficaz de diagnosticar precocemente doenças genéticas, metabólicas e infecciosas que podem afetar o desenvolvimento de crianças. Em maio de 2021, a Lei nº 14.154 ampliou para mais de 50 o número de doenças raras detectadas pelo exame via Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).

Pouco mais de dois anos depois, no Dia Nacional do Teste do Pezinho, lembrado nesta terça-feira (6), a Sociedade Brasileira de Triagem Neonatal e Erros Inatos do Metabolismo avalia que o exame está em expansão no Brasil. A fase classificada como ideal para a realização do teste é entre o terceiro e o quinto dia de vida.

“É a partir dessa gota de sangue que o futuro de uma pessoa é desenhado, dando a oportunidade de agir precocemente no tratamento de doenças graves”, destacou a entidade nas redes sociais.

A vice-presidente da sociedade, Carolina Fischinger, reforçou a importância da coleta do sangue no tempo certo. “A detecção dessas doenças previne consequências clínicas importantes pois são condições tratáveis. Também lembro que temos uma lei que prevê a ampliação para mais doenças, possibilitando o diagnóstico precoce de doenças genéticas graves que têm tratamento disponível.”

Rol de doenças

Antes da Lei nº 14.154, o SUS realizava um formato de teste do pezinho capaz de detectar apenas seis doenças. Com a nova legislação, o exame passou a englobar 14 grupos de doenças, que podem identificar até 53 tipos diferentes de enfermidades e condições especiais de saúde.

As mudanças propostas pelo texto, entretanto, começaram a vigorar somente em maio do ano passado e o processo de ampliação do teste deve acontecer de forma escalonada.

Na primeira etapa de implementação, o teste do pezinho continua detectando as seis doenças iniciais, ampliando para a testagem de outras relacionadas ao excesso de fenilalanina e de patologias relacionadas à hemoglobina (hemoglobinopatias), além de incluir os diagnósticos para toxoplasmose congênita.

Em uma segunda etapa, seriam acrescentadas as testagens para galactosemias; aminoacidopatias; distúrbios do ciclo da ureia; e distúrbios da beta oxidação dos ácidos graxos (deficiência para transformar certos tipos de gorduras em energia). 

Para a terceira etapa, ficam as doenças lisossômicas (que afetam o funcionamento celular) e, na quarta etapa, as imunodeficiências primárias (problemas genéticos no sistema imunológico). Já na quinta etapa, começará a ser testada a atrofia muscular espinhal (degeneração e perda de neurônios da medula da espinha e do tronco cerebral, resultando em fraqueza muscular progressiva e atrofia).

Público x privado 

A lei também prevê que, durante os atendimentos de pré-natal e de trabalho de parto, os profissionais de saúde devem informar à gestante e aos acompanhantes sobre a importância do teste do pezinho e sobre eventuais diferenças existentes entre as modalidades oferecidas no SUS e na rede privada de saúde. 





Autor: Comunitária 87,9 FM

Data da Postagem: 06/06/2023 15:16:00

Fonte: Paula Laboissière - Repórter da Agência Brasil - Brasília /